References

AGNIR. Possible Health Effects from Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). Report of the Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. (2001) NRPB Documents Vol 12, No.2, NRPB, Chilton, Didcot, UK.
Auvinen A, Hietanen M, Luukkonen R, Koskela R-S. Brain tumours and salivary grand cancers among cellular telephone users. Epidemiology 13:356-359, 2002.
Cook CM, Thomas AW, Prato FS. Human electrophysiological and cognitive effects of exposure to ELF magnetic and ELF modulated RF and microwave fields: A review of recent studies. Bioelectromagnetics 23:144-157, 2002.
Croft RJ, Chandler JS, Burgess AP, Barry RJ, Williams JD, Clarke AR. Acute mobile phone operation affects neural function in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113:1623-1632.
Dreyer NA, Loughlin JE, Rothman KJ. Cause-specific mortality in cellular telephone users. JAMA 282:1814-1816, 1999.
Finkelstein MM. Cancer incidence among Ontario police officers. Am J Ind Med 34:157-162, 1998.
Grayson JK. Radiation exposure, socioeconomic status, and brain tumour risk in the US Air Force: a nested case control study. Am J Epidemiol 143:480-486, 1996.
Hardell L, Nasman A, Pahlson A, Hallquist A, Hansson Mild K. Use of cellular telephones and the risk for brain tumours: A case-control study. Int J Oncol 15:113-116, 1999.
Hardell L, Hallquist A, Hansson Mild K, Carlberg M, Påhlson A, Lilja A. Cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for brain tumours Eur J Cancer Prev 11:377-386, 2002.
IEGMP. Mobile Phones and Health (2000). Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones. ISBN 0-85951-450-1.
Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, Wilcosky TC, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, Fine HA, Black PM, Loeffler JS, Linet MS. Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors. N Engl J Med 344:79-86, 2001.
Johansen C, Boice J Jr, McLaughlin J, Olsen J. Cellular telephones and cancer-a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:203-207, 2001.
Milham S Jr. Increased mortality in amateur radio operators due to lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies. Am J Epidemiol 127:550-554, 1998.
Morgan RW, Kelsh MA, Zhao K, Exuzides KA, Heringer S, Negrete W. Radiofrequency exposure and mortality from cancer of the brain and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. Epidemiology 11:118-127, 2000.
Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Thompson S, Shore RE, Stellman SD, McRee D, Neugut AI, Wynder EL. Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. JAMA 284:3001-3007, 2000.
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Robinette CD, Silverman C, Jablon S. Effects upon health of occupational exposure to microwave radiation (radar). Am J Epidemiol 112:39-53, 1990.
Rothman KJ, Loughlin JE, Funch DP, Dreyer NA. Overall mortality of cellular telephone customers. Epidemiology 7:303-305, 1996.
Stang A, Anastassiou G, Ahrens W, Bromen K, Bornfeld N, Jöckel K-H. The possible role of radiofrequency radiation in the development of uveal melanoma. Epidemiology 12:7-12, 2001.
Violanti JM, Vena JE, Petralia S. Mortality of a police cohort: 1950-1990. Am J Ind Med 33:366-373, 1998.

Table 1. Occupational studies: microwave radiation and health.

REFERENCES	Population	Exposure	Findings/notes
Robinette et al. (1990)	US enlisted Naval personnel low & high exposure groups of ca.20,000 each;1950 - 74	Exposure from1-5mW/ cm². Max. exposure group (technicians) and min. exposure group (equipment operation)	Follow-up ended in 1974. Examination of hospital records, mortality & disability compensation showed no significant increase in mortality/cancer in high exposure group.
Grayson (1996)	Baseline ca.880,000 US Airforce male personnel; 1970 – 89. Within cohort: 230 cases & 920 matched controls.	Cumulative ELF & RF/microwave radiation ascertained from job exposure matrix (JEM). Ionizing radiation from dosimeter records.	OR (ELF): 1.39 (95%CI 1.01-1.90); OR (RF/microwave): 1.28 (95%CI 0.95-1.74). Military rank associated with brain tumour risk - senior officers at highest risk cf. all other US Air Force members (age-race-adjusted OR: 3.30 (95%CI 1.99-5.45).
Milham (1998)	67,829 men from California & Washington State: Amateur radio operators (radio licenses); 1979 - 84.	Not recorded.	No excess for combined total cancer mortality. Slight excess in deaths due to brain cancer (29 vs. 20.8 expected).
Finkelstein (1998)	Retrospective cohort: follow-up of 22,197 US police officers, Ontario; 1964 - 95.	No personal exposure assessment.	Increased incidence of testicular cancer (SIR: 1.3 (90%CI 0.9-1.8) & skin melanoma (1.45 (90%CI 1.1-1.9)). No exposure information.
Violanti et al. (1998)	Retrospective cohort: follow-up of 2,593 US police officers, Buffalo; 1950 - 90.	No personal exposure assessment.	Higher than expected mortality rates for all all-cause mortality (SMR: 1.1 (95%CI 1.04-1.17)) & all malignant neoplasms (SMR: 1.25 (95%CI 1.1-1.41)). All accidents were lower (SMR: 0.53 (95%CI 0.34-0.79)). No exposure information.
Morgan et al. (2000)	Occupational cohort. 195,775 U.S. Motorola employees; 1976 - 96.	Job exposure matrix (JEM) - each of 9,724 job titles into one of four RF exposure groups. Exposure validation study conducted to determine JEM.	SMRs: CNS/brain cancer: 0.53 (95%CI 0.21 - 1.09); all lymphomas & leukaemias: 0.54 (95%CI 0.33 - 0.83). Mobile phone use not incorporated into JEM.